The ageing process affects the hands significantly, manifesting through various changes in the skin, joints, and soft tissues. This involves:
1. Skin Changes:
– Loss of Elasticity: Decreased collagen and elastin production leads to wrinkles and sagging skin.
– Thinning of Skin: Reduced cell turnover and decreased dermal thickness make the skin more fragile.
– Pigmentation: Age spots (lentigines) due to prolonged sun exposure and decreased melanocyte function.
2. Subcutaneous Fat Loss:
– Volume Loss: Reduction in subcutaneous fat causes the hands to appear bony with visible veins and tendons.
– Decreased Cushioning: Increased susceptibility to trauma and injury.
3. Musculoskeletal Changes:
– Osteoarthritis: Degeneration of cartilage and joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and deformity (e.g., Heberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes).
– Tendon and Ligament Changes: Reduced flexibility and strength.